Are Rocket Scientists and Brain Surgeons Really Smarter Than Everyone Else?

Rocket scientists and brain surgeons are no smarter than the general population, suggests a study published in the Christmas issue of The BMJ.

Despite the commonly used phrases "It's not rocket science"and "It's not brain surgery" the findings, by researchers at the University of Bristol, UCL, Imperial College and King's College London, show that both aerospace engineers and neurosurgeons have similar levels of intelligence to those in the general population. 

As such, the researchers say that both specialties might be unnecessarily put on a pedestal, and that phrases unrelated to careers such as “It’s a walk in the park” might be more appropriate.

To help settle the age-old argument of which phrase – “It's not brain surgery" or "It's not rocket science" - is most deserved, researchers compared the intelligence of 329 aerospace engineers and 72 neurosurgeons with 18,257 members of the general population. 

All participants completed a validated online test to measure six distinct aspects (domains) of cognition, spanning planning and reasoning, working memory, attention, and emotion processing abilities.

Potentially influential factors, such as gender, handedness, and experience (years) in their specialty, were taken into account in the analysis.

The results show that aerospace engineers and neurosurgeons were equally matched across most domains but differed in two respects: aerospace engineers showed better mental manipulation abilities, whereas neurosurgeons were better at semantic problem solving.

When these scores were compared to the general population, aerospace engineers did not show significant differences in any domains. Neurosurgeons were able to solve problems faster than the general population but showed a slower memory recall speed.

These results suggest that, despite the stereotypes depicted by the phrases "It's not rocket science" and "It's not brain surgery", all three groups showed a wide range of cognitive abilities, explained the researchers.

Keng Siang Lee, a medical student at the University of Bristol and an author on the study, said: "From an early age, school children’s desire to pursue a certain career is heavily influenced by stereotypes and various subjective perceptions. STEM fields like neurosurgery and aerospace engineering are facing enormous challenges recruiting and maintaining candidates for their workforce, and it is no coincidence that these fields are often seen as "masculine" and "too brainy". 

"We hope our findings could help break down these barriers that might make people think some professions are out of their grasp – particularly in under-represented groups. It would be a waste for potential talent to be squandered simply because some people didn’t have enough confidence to pursue a STEM career.

"Of course, highly skilled people like surgeons and engineers are intelligent but those professions also require a lot of hard work and training, which are just as important, and anyone with an interest in those careers should feel able to pursue them, regardless of stereotypes."

The researchers acknowledge that this is an observational study that does not represent the global range of aerospace engineers and neurosurgeons. 

The results suggest that both neurosurgeons and aerospace engineers might be unnecessarily placed on a pedestal and that “It’s a walk in the park” or another phrase unrelated to careers might be more appropriate. 

Publication: Inga Usher, et al., “It’s not rocket science” and “It’s not brain surgery”—“It’s a walk in the park”: prospective comparative study, BMJ (2023). DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067883.

Original Story Source:  University of Bristol