The use of protein biomarker panels, as opposed to individual markers, has the potential to improve precision medicine by providing a more comprehensive understanding of human physiology, according to an EMBO Press research report from March 20. Nonetheless, the integration of proteomics into clinical practice encounters obstacles, with targeted mass spectrometric assays emerging as a promising solution due to their adaptability and cost-effectiveness.
A study on 263 wild emmer accessions revealed significant trait diversity and potential, suggesting their gene pool could enhance modern wheat cultivation. The study was published by Shanjida Rahman, Dr. Shahidul Islam, Prof. Rajeev Varshney and four others on March 25.
A study showed that host phylogeny is a stronger determinant than geography in the composition of seabird feather mite communities. The study by Laura M. Stefan, Wolf Isbert, Elena Gómez-Díaz and four others was published on March 23.
In a new paper, biologist Michael Levin suggests that humans evolve from basic matter to complex cognitive beings, with a network of cells cooperating to generate a unified cognitive entity. His study explores the role of bioelectric signaling and challenges conventional assumptions about the origins of cognition, offering insights into both individual and evolutionary transformations of intelligent agents.
A recent study shows that after achieving remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease using exclusive enteral nutrition, the use of autologous fecal microbiota transfer capsules showed potential, but challenges like high pathogens and inconsistent stool quality raised concerns about its viability as a long-term treatment. The study by Hannes Hoelz, Jeannine Heetmeyer, Anastasia Tsakmaklis, and many others was published on April 2, 2023.
A recent study explores the influence of mild mitonuclear incompatibilities on Drosophila's response to N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-induced redox stress. The report from May 2023 highlighted how NAC's impact varies with factors such as mitonuclear genotype, gender, and tissue, demonstrating that complex I-linked respiration suppression is a crucial factor in mitigating redox stress, occasionally resulting in mortality.
A study showed that soil types influence DNA damage and repair in wild wheat Triticum dicoccoides, with plants in terra rossa soil showing more damage and lower repair gene expression than those in basalt soil. The study by Olga Raskina, Boris Shklyar, and Eviatar Nevo, was published on April 6, 2023.
Researchers are exploring safe, innovative, and effective rejuvenation therapies targeting gene expression and cell transcriptome reprogramming to tackle age-related health issues. According to a study from April 1, 2023, researchers highlight neural cells, particularly glutamatergic neurons, neuronal stem cells, and oligodendrocytes, as crucial in addressing neurodegeneration, offering experimental designs for potential age-reversal therapies.
According to a study from the National Center for Biotechnology Information from April 4, the CT scans of Mongolian ankylosaurid skulls, Tarchia included, unveiled distinctive airway characteristics and unforeseen irregularities. This suggests the potential presence of chronic osteoproliferation linked to sinus infections or trauma, highlighting the significance of CT scanning in the study of fossils.
Utilizing AlphaFold2, scientists employed structural prediction to unveil the makeup and origins of 214 orthopoxvirus proteins, shedding light on previously undisclosed insights into their evolutionary history. One revelation, according to a March/ April 2023 study, was the repurposing of host enzymes for non-enzymatic functions within viruses, resulting in distinctive protein structures found in approximately one-third of orthopoxvirus virion proteins.
Researchers investigated how altering the oxidation process in the GAPDH enzyme influences mammalian cell behavior, tumor progression and fat processing. The study by Deepti Talwar, Colin G. Miller and several others was published on April 6.
An inshore hagfish genome study highlights two pivotal genome duplications in early vertebrates, with major morphological evolution following the second event. The study by Juan Pascual-Anaya, Daqi Yu and many others was published on April 10.
Luke Farritor, a 21-year-old computer-science student from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has made a breakthrough in deciphering the contents of ancient scrolls from the Roman city of Herculaneum using artificial intelligence (AI). Farritor developed a machine-learning algorithm that was able to read the text on a carbonized scroll, which opens up the possibility of unlocking hundreds of texts from the only intact library from Greco-Roman antiquity.
Researchers have uncovered a new type of bacteria in the mouths of bottlenose dolphins, showcasing the uncharted microbial diversity and underscoring the importance of combined genetic and visual analyses. The study by Natasha Dudek, Jesus Galaz-Montoya and several others was published on April 13.
Scientists have been working to identify all human genes since the initial genome draft in 2001. While progress has been made in identifying protein-coding genes (now fewer than 20,000), there has been a surge in reported non-coding RNA genes.
Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while causing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively, may originate from the same process where the immune system eliminates mutant cells that overproduce hormones, leading to potential autoimmune responses in susceptible individuals, according to a study by Tomer Milo, Uri Alon and two others.